The Faculty of Biology of the Jagiellonian University started its activity in 1951. However, the natural sciences – biology, geography and geology, environmental sciences and molecular biology (which became independent in 2002, creating a separate Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology), have been practiced over many centuries of the Jagiellonian University's history. Pursuant to Regulation No. 34 of the Rector of the Jagiellonian University of March 13, 2017, the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management and the Institute of Geological Sciences established the Faculty of Geography and Geology on March 20, 2017.

Currently, the Faculty of Biology consists of three institutes: Botany, Environmental Sciences and Zoology and Biomedical Research.